Sunday, March 15, 2015

History of "Palestine" 1273 BCE to 1948

History of "Palestine" 1273 BCE to 1948

The only time "Palestine" was ruled by "Palestinians" or any people from the Arabian Peninsula was briefly around 635 A.D.
"The only Arab domination since the Conquest in 635 A.D. hardly lasted, as such, 22 years...," the Muslim chairman of the Syrian Delegation attested in his remarks to the Paris Peace Conference in February 1919."Yes, the existence of a separate Palestinian identity serves only tactical purposes. The founding of a Palestinian state is a new tool in the continuing battle against Israel... " Zuheir Muhsin, late Military Department head of the PLO and member of its Executive Council, Dutch daily Trouw, March 1977
A.D.Ruler *
1273 BCEIsraelConquest of Canaan ** under Joshua,
423 BCEIranianBabylon invades and destroys First Temple [Persian empire was based in modern day Iran]
371 BCEIsrael
Iranian
King Cyrus issued decree to restore Jewish Nation
312 BCEIsrael
Greek
Battle of Gaza; Seleucus controls Syria and Babylonia [Seleucid empire was based in Macedonia, northern Greece]
285-246 BCEIsrael
Egyptian
Rule of Ptolemy II
199 BCEIsrael
Greek
Seleucid monarchy occupies Judea **
175 BCEIsrael
Greek-Syrian
Antiochus Epiphanes came to throne in Syria
168 BCEIsrael
Greek-Syrian
Pagan idol set up in Temple
165 BCEIsrael
Greek-Syrian
Macabean Revolt, beginning of Hasmonean dynasty
142 BCEIsraelShimon rules and gains Judean indepence
135-104 BCEIsraelRule of Yochanan Hyrkanus
104-103 BCEIsraelRule of Yehudah Aristobulus
103-76 BCEIsraelRule of Alexander Yannai 
76-66 BCEIsraelRule of Salome Alexandra
63 BCEIsrael 
Roman
Civil War: Hyrkanus vs. Aristobulus. Pompey intervenes, Conquest of Jerusalem by Pompey, Judea becomes Roman Vassal.
47 BCEIsrael 
Roman
Caesar appoints Antipater ruler of Judea 
70 RomanThe Romans conquer Jerusalem
132-136RomanJewish revolt under Bar Kochba; final defeat of Judah and loss of political sovereignty, rename area to "Palestine" **
351RomanJewish revolt to end foreign rule; Roman Empire adopts Christianity.
395TurkishPalestine part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, still called Judea or Judah.
438TurkishEmpress Eudocia allows Jews back to Temple site, misinterpreted by Jews as return to nationhood.
614IranPersian conquest under Chosroes (with the support of a Jewish army).
628Turkish"Palestine" reconquered by the Byzantines
633-637SyrianArab conquest; shortly afterward, attempt by Jews to restore their nation.
639SyrianMuawiyah Arab governor.
660SyrianMuawiyah is made the first Omayyad Caliph of Damascus.
661SyrianMurder of Ali; Omayyad Dynasty begins.
750IraqLast Omayyad Caliph defeated; reign of the Abbassid Caliphs of Baghdad (Persian, Turk, Circassian, Kurd).
878EgyptianAhmad, b. Tulun, a Turkish general and governor of Egypt, conquers Palestine; reign of the Tulunides (Turks).
904IraqThe Abbassids of Baghdad reconquer Palestine.
906CarmathiansInroads of the Carmathians.
934EgyptianThe Egyptian lkhshidi princes conquer Palestine; their reign begins.
969EgyptianThe Fatimid Caliphs of Cairo conquer Palestine.
969-971CarmathiansWar with the Carmathians.
970-976TurkishByzantine invasion.
1070-1080TurkishSeljuq Turks conquer Palestine.
1099CrusadersThe Crusaders conquer Jerusalem, massacre the Jewish and Muslim populations; reign in parts of Palestine until 1291.
1187CrusadersSaladin of Damascus, a Kurd, captures Jerusalem and the greater part of Palestine.
1244MongolianThe Kharezmians, instigated by Genghis Khan, invade Palestine; Jerusalem's population is slaughtered, the city sacked.
1260EgyptianMameluk Sultans of Egypt defeat Mongols at Ain Jalut, in Palestine; their reign begins.
1260EgyptianMongol invasion; Jerusalem sacked.
1291EgyptianEnd of the Latin (Crusaders) Kingdom.
1299-1303MongolianMongol invasion.
1516-1517TurkishThe Ottomans conquer Palestine.
1799French Napoleon conquers Palestine, but is defeated at Acre.
1831EgyptianIbrahim Pasha, adopted son of Egypt's Viceroy, occupies Palestine.
1840TurkishIbrahim Pasha compelled by the Powers to leave Palestine; Turkish rule restored.
1840TurkishEnglish writers and statesmen begin to discuss the possibility of a Jewish restoration.
1871-1882TurkishFirst Jewish agricultural settlements.
1909TurkishFoundation of the all-Jewish city of Tel Aviv.
1917-1918BritishAllies occupy the whole of Palestine, east and west of the Jordan River; British military administration, end of Ottoman reign.
1917-1918BritishBalfour Declaration granting "Jewish Homeland" internationally approved.
1920BritishBritish (pre-Mandate) civil administration; Turkish sovereignty renounced, treaty includes Balfour Declaration
1922BritishPalestine Mandate; Jewish National Home confirmed.
1923BritishPalestine Mandate comes into operation.
1923BritishSeventy-five percent of Palestine is set aside as an independent Arab "Palestinian" state, Transiordan.
1925 BritishHebrew University of Jerusalem opened.
1927BritishHigh Commissioners receive Commission for Transjordan.
1929BritishArab revolt.
1936-1939BritishArab revolt and civil war.
1946BritishEstablishment of Arab state of Transiordan.
1948IsraelEnd of Mandate for Palestine; establishment of State of Israel; Arab-Jewish war.
1948IsraelEastern Palestine-Transjordan-.occupies the West Bank area of Western Palestine, becomes "Jordan," constituting over eighty percent of Palestine.
* For familiarity we cite the closest modern country which contained the seat of power at the time.
** Canaan, Judea and "Palestine" refers to both the East and West banks of the Jordan river, what is Israel and Jordan today..
Source: Joan Peter's "From Time Immemorial" Harper & Row Publishers
(with over 150 pages of well sourced footnotes)  and
"History of the Jewish People - The Second Temple Era" by Mesorah Publications

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