History of "Palestine" 1273 BCE to 1948
The only time "Palestine" was ruled by "Palestinians" or any people from the Arabian Peninsula was briefly around 635 A.D."The only Arab domination since the Conquest in 635 A.D. hardly lasted, as such, 22 years...," the Muslim chairman of the Syrian Delegation attested in his remarks to the Paris Peace Conference in February 1919."Yes, the existence of a separate Palestinian identity serves only tactical purposes. The founding of a Palestinian state is a new tool in the continuing battle against Israel... " Zuheir Muhsin, late Military Department head of the PLO and member of its Executive Council, Dutch daily Trouw, March 1977
A.D. | Ruler * | |
1273 BCE | Israel | Conquest of Canaan ** under Joshua, |
423 BCE | Iranian | Babylon invades and destroys First Temple [Persian empire was based in modern day Iran] |
371 BCE | Israel Iranian | King Cyrus issued decree to restore Jewish Nation |
312 BCE | Israel Greek | Battle of Gaza; Seleucus controls Syria and Babylonia [Seleucid empire was based in Macedonia, northern Greece] |
285-246 BCE | Israel Egyptian | Rule of Ptolemy II |
199 BCE | Israel Greek | Seleucid monarchy occupies Judea ** |
175 BCE | Israel Greek-Syrian | Antiochus Epiphanes came to throne in Syria |
168 BCE | Israel Greek-Syrian | Pagan idol set up in Temple |
165 BCE | Israel Greek-Syrian | Macabean Revolt, beginning of Hasmonean dynasty |
142 BCE | Israel | Shimon rules and gains Judean indepence |
135-104 BCE | Israel | Rule of Yochanan Hyrkanus |
104-103 BCE | Israel | Rule of Yehudah Aristobulus |
103-76 BCE | Israel | Rule of Alexander Yannai |
76-66 BCE | Israel | Rule of Salome Alexandra |
63 BCE | Israel Roman | Civil War: Hyrkanus vs. Aristobulus. Pompey intervenes, Conquest of Jerusalem by Pompey, Judea becomes Roman Vassal. |
47 BCE | Israel Roman | Caesar appoints Antipater ruler of Judea |
70 | Roman | The Romans conquer Jerusalem |
132-136 | Roman | Jewish revolt under Bar Kochba; final defeat of Judah and loss of political sovereignty, rename area to "Palestine" ** |
351 | Roman | Jewish revolt to end foreign rule; Roman Empire adopts Christianity. |
395 | Turkish | Palestine part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, still called Judea or Judah. |
438 | Turkish | Empress Eudocia allows Jews back to Temple site, misinterpreted by Jews as return to nationhood. |
614 | Iran | Persian conquest under Chosroes (with the support of a Jewish army). |
628 | Turkish | "Palestine" reconquered by the Byzantines |
633-637 | Syrian | Arab conquest; shortly afterward, attempt by Jews to restore their nation. |
639 | Syrian | Muawiyah Arab governor. |
660 | Syrian | Muawiyah is made the first Omayyad Caliph of Damascus. |
661 | Syrian | Murder of Ali; Omayyad Dynasty begins. |
750 | Iraq | Last Omayyad Caliph defeated; reign of the Abbassid Caliphs of Baghdad (Persian, Turk, Circassian, Kurd). |
878 | Egyptian | Ahmad, b. Tulun, a Turkish general and governor of Egypt, conquers Palestine; reign of the Tulunides (Turks). |
904 | Iraq | The Abbassids of Baghdad reconquer Palestine. |
906 | Carmathians | Inroads of the Carmathians. |
934 | Egyptian | The Egyptian lkhshidi princes conquer Palestine; their reign begins. |
969 | Egyptian | The Fatimid Caliphs of Cairo conquer Palestine. |
969-971 | Carmathians | War with the Carmathians. |
970-976 | Turkish | Byzantine invasion. |
1070-1080 | Turkish | Seljuq Turks conquer Palestine. |
1099 | Crusaders | The Crusaders conquer Jerusalem, massacre the Jewish and Muslim populations; reign in parts of Palestine until 1291. |
1187 | Crusaders | Saladin of Damascus, a Kurd, captures Jerusalem and the greater part of Palestine. |
1244 | Mongolian | The Kharezmians, instigated by Genghis Khan, invade Palestine; Jerusalem's population is slaughtered, the city sacked. |
1260 | Egyptian | Mameluk Sultans of Egypt defeat Mongols at Ain Jalut, in Palestine; their reign begins. |
1260 | Egyptian | Mongol invasion; Jerusalem sacked. |
1291 | Egyptian | End of the Latin (Crusaders) Kingdom. |
1299-1303 | Mongolian | Mongol invasion. |
1516-1517 | Turkish | The Ottomans conquer Palestine. |
1799 | French | Napoleon conquers Palestine, but is defeated at Acre. |
1831 | Egyptian | Ibrahim Pasha, adopted son of Egypt's Viceroy, occupies Palestine. |
1840 | Turkish | Ibrahim Pasha compelled by the Powers to leave Palestine; Turkish rule restored. |
1840 | Turkish | English writers and statesmen begin to discuss the possibility of a Jewish restoration. |
1871-1882 | Turkish | First Jewish agricultural settlements. |
1909 | Turkish | Foundation of the all-Jewish city of Tel Aviv. |
1917-1918 | British | Allies occupy the whole of Palestine, east and west of the Jordan River; British military administration, end of Ottoman reign. |
1917-1918 | British | Balfour Declaration granting "Jewish Homeland" internationally approved. |
1920 | British | British (pre-Mandate) civil administration; Turkish sovereignty renounced, treaty includes Balfour Declaration |
1922 | British | Palestine Mandate; Jewish National Home confirmed. |
1923 | British | Palestine Mandate comes into operation. |
1923 | British | Seventy-five percent of Palestine is set aside as an independent Arab "Palestinian" state, Transiordan. |
1925 | British | Hebrew University of Jerusalem opened. |
1927 | British | High Commissioners receive Commission for Transjordan. |
1929 | British | Arab revolt. |
1936-1939 | British | Arab revolt and civil war. |
1946 | British | Establishment of Arab state of Transiordan. |
1948 | Israel | End of Mandate for Palestine; establishment of State of Israel; Arab-Jewish war. |
1948 | Israel | Eastern Palestine-Transjordan-.occupies the West Bank area of Western Palestine, becomes "Jordan," constituting over eighty percent of Palestine. |
** Canaan, Judea and "Palestine" refers to both the East and West banks of the Jordan river, what is Israel and Jordan today..
Source: Joan Peter's "From Time Immemorial" Harper & Row Publishers
(with over 150 pages of well sourced footnotes) and
"History of the Jewish People - The Second Temple Era" by Mesorah Publications
No comments:
Post a Comment